Created in 2019, the additional two base pairs in DNA and RNA were developed and reported in article titled
“Hachimoji DNA and RNA : A genetic system with eight letter building blocks” (1).
However, AI is “proposed” to assist and support development of new forms of synthetic and replicant DNA/RNA variants, with space travel in mind as one the stated goals. (2) and (5)
Notable is the involvement of NIH, NASA and Harvard Artificially Expanded Genetic Information System. So Transhuman agenda moves apace to its post human destination.
In fact, a FaceBook Media Publication “Tech Times” is now reporting success in the replication processes and creation of new protein structures, which presumably will develop into new synthetic organelles of some sort and into new forms of synthetic living organisms and states
" A groundbreaking scientific milestone has expanded the very definition of life itself. For the first time, researchers engineered living organisms using a six-letter genetic code, going beyond nature’s universal four-base alphabet of A, T, C, and G. By introducing two entirely new synthetic bases, they created what is known as “Hachimoji DNA,” a genetic system capable of storing, transmitting, and evolving information in ways never before seen.
These synthetic organisms didn’t just survive in the lab — they successfully replicated, carrying forward their expanded genetic code as proof that life can be built on a foundation different from Earth’s own biology. This unlocks possibilities for engineering new proteins, futuristic medicines, and even custom-designed organisms with traits nature has never produced.
The implications stretch far beyond Earth. If life here can function with an expanded genetic alphabet, then alien life elsewhere could emerge from completely different chemical blueprints. This breakthrough challenges humanity’s assumptions about what life is and how it could evolve in the universe.
While questions of ethics and biosafety loom large, one thing is clear: we’ve entered an era where biology itself is programmable, and the rules of life are no longer set in stone. " (3).
Funding and Partnering Acknowledgements include:
“This work was supported by grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under award NNX15AF46G, the National Institute of General Medical Science at the NIH (R41GM119494, R01GM128186, R01GM102489), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under award HDTRA1–13-1–0004. This publication also was made possible through the support of a grant from the John Templeton Foundation 54466 and the Templeton World Charity Foundation, Inc. 0092/AB57. Use of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory) was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02–76SF00515. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the NIH, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (including P41GM103393). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NIH, DOE, NASA, DTRA, JTF, or TWCF. We thank Accelero Biostructures, Inc. for their rapid, high quality X-ray diffraction data collection services.”(4)
N.B. Hachimoji DNA - Wikipedia
" Hachimoji DNA is part of a broader 12-letter system called Artificially Expanded Genetic Information System (AEGIS). Hachimoji DNA and AEGIS comes from the same team lead by ex-Harvard University chemist Steven Benner and belong to the same NASA funding project.[7][8][9][10][11]"
1 Hachimoji DNA and RNA: A genetic system with eight building blocks - PubMed
Hoshika S, Leal NA, Kim MJ, Kim MS, Karalkar NB, Kim HJ, Bates AM, Watkins NE Jr, SantaLucia HA, Meyer AJ, DasGupta S, Piccirilli JA, Ellington AD, SantaLucia J Jr, Georgiadis MM, Benner SA. Hachimoji DNA and RNA: A genetic system with eight building blocks. Science. 2019 Feb 22;363(6429):884-887. doi: 10.1126/science.aat0971. PMID: 30792304; PMCID: PMC6413494.